Lessons from Toxicology: Developing a 21st-Century Paradigm for Medical Research
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Lessons from Toxicology: Developing a 21st‐Century Paradigm for Medical Research
The genomics era opened a door to understanding genetic changes in susceptibility to diseases, such as single nucleotide polymor phisms, gene copy number variations, and gene deletions and inser tions (Zerhouni 2014). The subsequent explosion of related “omics” approaches, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, have provided more details of how gene regulation and protein pr...
متن کاملComment on “Lessons from Toxicology: Developing a 21st-Century Paradigm for Medical Research”
The Brief Communication by Langley et al. was exceptional in its presentation of genomics and epigenomics, the discussion of the extrinsic and intrinsic causes of disease, and its outline of why a paradigm shift to human-based research is needed. I was disappointed however, to find that the authors relied on largely empirical evidence and observation and failed to include the very strong theore...
متن کاملLessons from Toxicology: Developing a 21st-Century Paradigm for Medical Research
Biomedical developments in the 21st century provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain a dynamic systems-level and human-specific understanding of the causes and pathophysiologies of disease. This understanding is a vital need, in view of continuing failures in health research, drug discovery, and clinical translation. The full potential of advanced approaches may not be achieved within a 20t...
متن کاملResponse to “Comment on ‘Lessons from Toxicology: Developing a 21st-Century Paradigm for Medical Research’”
In his letter, Greek correctly emphasizes the importance of theoretical foundations for understanding experimental observations. Our proposed human-specific paradigm for medical research and drug discovery does indeed rest on a strong theoretical, as well as empirical, basis. Because of the longevity of the animal research paradigm, in medical studies it is often assumed that animal-based data ...
متن کاملLessons learned from alternative methods and their validation for a new toxicology in the 21st century.
Europe and the United States further the development of new toxicological tools in different ways. While the replacement of animal tests has been promoted strongly in Europe over the last decades (following the 3Rs principles--reduce, replace, refine), in the United States the vision for a toxicology in the 21st century (Tox-21c), which was prompted by the National Research Council document onl...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Health Perspectives
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0091-6765,1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510345